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Hand Hygiene Compliance among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author(s) Johara A. Almutairi, Saud S. Almadani, Nawaf A. Alshammari, Hadeel S. Alenezi, Maysa S. Almalki, Areej G. Alshammri, Afnan M. Alsubaie
Country United States
Abstract Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is a fundamental infection control practice, yet compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs) in tertiary hospitals remains suboptimal. This study aimed to assess HH adherence across different departments and professional categories, identifying key influencing factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital over three months. Direct observations were performed using the WHO’s Five Moments for Hand Hygiene, complemented by self-reported questionnaires. Compliance rates were analyzed across six hospital departments, different HCW categories, and work shifts. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, were used to identify significant predictors of compliance.
Results: The overall observed HH compliance rate was 63%, with self-reported adherence significantly higher (78%), indicating a potential social desirability bias. Surgical wards had the highest compliance (72%), while radiology had the lowest (55%). Among HCWs, nurses exhibited the highest adherence (75%), while radiologists and paramedics had the lowest (52–55%). Availability of hand rubs (OR = 2.1, p < 0.05) and recent HH training (OR = 1.9, p < 0.05) were positively associated with compliance, while high workload (OR = 0.65, p < 0.05) negatively impacted adherence. Night shift compliance (55%) was significantly lower than morning shifts (70%).
Conclusion: Despite institutional HH policies, compliance rates remain below the WHO-recommended 80% threshold. Targeted interventions, including improved sanitizer accessibility, workload-adjusted compliance strategies, and real-time feedback systems, are necessary to enhance and sustain HH practices in tertiary hospital settings.
Keywords Hand Hygiene Compliance, Healthcare Workers, Infection Control, Tertiary Hospital, Patient Safety, WHO Five Moments, Hospital-Acquired Infections, Observational Study, Workload, Hand Rub Availability.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 15, Issue 3, July-September 2024
Published On 2024-07-11
Cite This Hand Hygiene Compliance among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study - Johara A. Almutairi, Saud S. Almadani, Nawaf A. Alshammari, Hadeel S. Alenezi, Maysa S. Almalki, Areej G. Alshammri, Afnan M. Alsubaie - IJSAT Volume 15, Issue 3, July-September 2024. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14772920
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14772920
Short DOI https://doi.org/g83k79
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