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Unveiling a Silent Threat: Emergency Handling of Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst

Author(s) Dr.Hardik Pateliya, Dr.Shreyas K.Patel, Dr.A.K. Saxena, Dr.Nimesh Malaviya, Niraj Shah
Country India
Abstract Abstract:
Background: Hydatid disease, caused by infection with the metacestode of Echinococcusgranulosus, is a zoonotic disease with a global distribution. Pulmonary hydatid cysts (PHC) can lead to severe complications, especially upon rupture.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 24-year-old male from a rural area who presented with breathlessness on exertion, right-sided chest pain, vomiting, fever, weight loss, dry cough, and anorexia. Initial vital signs included a temperature of 102°F, pulse rate of 109/min, respiratory rate of 36/min, blood pressure of 130/90 mmHg, and SpO2 of 80% on room air.
Materials and Methods: Diagnostic imaging included chest X-ray, point-of-care ultrasound, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax. Blood tests were conducted to assess inflammatory markers. The patient was managed with oxygen therapy, intravenous (IV) antibiotics, antipyretics, and fluids. Consultations with a Pulmonary Physician and Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeon (CTVS) led to a right lateral thoracotomy for cyst excision. Postoperative care included Albendazole 400mg BD.
Results: Post-surgery, the patient recovered without complications and was discharged asymptomatically. Follow-up imaging showed a well-expanded right lung and resolution of symptoms.
Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of prompt surgical intervention in the management of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts, combined with appropriate conservative treatment, to ensure a favorable outcome.
Keywords Background: Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Pulmonary hydatid cysts can cause severe complications when ruptured. Case Presentation: Patient: 24-year-old male with symptoms of breathlessness, chest pain, vomiting, fever, weight loss, dry cough, and anorexia. Diagnostics: Chest X-ray, ultrasound, and HRCT revealed a ruptured hydatid cyst in the lung. Management: Initial: Oxygen therapy, IV antibiotics, antipyretics, and fluids. Surgery: Right lateral thoracotomy for cyst excision. Postoperative Albendazole treatment. Outcome: Full recovery with no complications post-surgery. Conclusion: Prompt surgical intervention and conservative treatment are critical for favorable outcomes.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 16, Issue 1, January-March 2025
Published On 2025-02-06
Cite This Unveiling a Silent Threat: Emergency Handling of Ruptured Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst - Dr.Hardik Pateliya, Dr.Shreyas K.Patel, Dr.A.K. Saxena, Dr.Nimesh Malaviya, Niraj Shah - IJSAT Volume 16, Issue 1, January-March 2025.
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